Document Type
Article
Source Publication Title
Transportation Research Record
DOI
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/03611981241230534
Abstract
Corrugated metal pipes (CMPs) corrode over time. To maintain structural performance, deteriorated CMPS must be replaced or rehabilitated. Spray-applied pipe liners (SAPLs) are one of the quickest ways to rehabilitate deteriorated CMPs among other ways. Only a few lab tests and finite element studies from the past have been done on this new method. The calibration of a three-dimensional (3D) full-scale finite element method model using test results obtained at the Center for Underground Infrastructure Research and Education laboratory at the University of Texas at Arlington is covered in this paper. The tests were carried out on circular invert cut CMPs that had been rehabilitated with polymeric SAPLs. To repair the invert-cut CMPs, three different thicknesses were used: 0.25, 0.5, and 1-in. The removal of an 18-in. invert from the intact CMP represented the deterioration of the CMP. A full 3D corrugated model was developed to represent the test setup in the FE model using ABAQUS. To perform the calibration process, the load–displacement curves, earth pressure distribution, and strain around the liner were compared to the test results. The comparison of these parameters showed the capability of the model for verification. The verified FE model was used to generate the load–displacement graphs for other thicknesses and elastic modulus of the liner. In addition, the role of the embedment depth is also considered in the analyses in which the maximum deformation of the rehabilitated pipe has decreased by 58.9% with increasing the burial depth of the pipe from 0.4D (D = external pipe diameter) to 1.0D. Keywords culverts, pile-soil interaction, corrugated metal pipe, finite element modeling, pipe rehabilitation, spray applied pipe liners Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX Corresponding author(s): Xinbao Yu, [email protected] Corrugated metal pipes (CMPs) are widely used culvert structures in the American highway system. Compared to other types of culverts, CMPs have shorter service life and, with many of them in service, are nearing or are past their service life. Deteriorated CMPs need to be rehabilitated or replaced for the safety and service of the highways. Since both repairing and replacing these culverts can be expensive, rehabilitation has received more attention in recent years because it is generally thought to be a more practical and less disruptive solution. Different rehabilitation methods have been proposed by different departments of transportation (DOTs), material suppliers, and researchers, from open-cut methods to trenchless technology. Trenchless technology holds advantages over the open-cut method as the open-cut method involves disruption and detouring of traffic (1, 2). Common trenchless methods include slip lining, cured in place pipe (CIPP), invert paving, and spray-applied pipe lines (SAPLs). Although SAPL has been in practice for many years, there are limited studies on the structural capacity of these liners along with studies on the structural contribution of host CMPs. One such study was conducted by Garcia and Moore (3) with a focus on the increase in the strength of the deteriorated buried culverts rehabilitated with the spray-applied cementitious liner. The deterioration of the tested CMPs was mostly located at the invert and haunch. Another detailed study of rehabilitated pipes was made by Masada (4), which was sponsored by the Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT). Tests were performed to find the increase in the structural capacity of the deteriorated pipe after the deteriorated pipe’s invert was paved with reinforced concrete according to the ODOT CMS item 611.11 standard field paving procedures. A pool fund project from several DOTs was conducted at the Center for Underground Infrastructure Research and Education (CUIRE) at the University of Texas at Arlington (UTA), with the objectives to comprehensively test and understand the structural capacity of deteriorated CMPs repaired with SAPLs and cementitious liners. In this project, the deterioration of CMPs was represented by the removal of an 18-in. wide piece of invert from an intact CMP (5–8). Control tests were first performed on one intact CMP and one invert-removed CMP to determine the loss in capacity after the invert removal. After the control test, another set of tests were conducted on invert removed CMPs rehabilitated with a SAPL with three different thicknesses: 0.25-in., 0.5-in., and 1-in. Finite element method (FEM) analysis is a useful tool to complement laboratory tests. It has been widely used to simulate buried culverts and evaluate the influence parameters such as cover depth, boundary effects, corrosion, loading pattern, and pipe–soil interaction. El-Sawy (9) used three-dimensional (3D) FE models to study the effect of different load conditions and soil type. Taher and Moore (10) used FEM to study the effect of the wall and backfill soil deterioration on the stability of the corrugated culvert. Elshimi (11) used 3D-FEM to study 86 different long-span box-arch culverts examining the effects of live loads, number of lanes, design truck position, and so forth. Mai et al. (12) used two-dimensional (2D) FE analysis to study the effect of corrugated wall deterioration whereas Campbell (5) used 3D FE model to study the effect of corrosion on the structural capacity of corrugated metal culverts. Smith et al. (13) inspected the effect of grout strength and the presence of a liner on the performance and load-carrying capacity of rehabilitated corrugated steel pipes. Their result indicates that the specimens with high-strength grout presented substantial surges in load-carrying capacity (ten times greater). Garcia and Moore (3) employed a cementitious spray on liner rehabilitated pipelines under the single axle configuration at 1,200 mm of cover. After rehabilitation, the pipelines exhibited higher circumferential bending stiffness and their behavior is more like rigid pipes. Ezzeldin and El Naggar (14) operated FE modeling to study the behavior of buried culverts under different parameters such as cover depth, boundary effects, loading pattern, and pipe–soil interaction. Their results indicate that the design of buried corrugated steel structures has a direct relation to the modeling approach. The review of the aforementioned and additional literature showed a lack of a well-verified full-scale 3D FE model of deteriorated and rehabilitated CMPs. In addition, many previous studies, such as those of Ezzeldin and El Naggar (14) and Kunecki and Kubica (15), used an equivalent smoothed surface approach to model corrugated pipes without taking their actual corrugated surface into account, and this limitation is overcome in this research by using the 3D model with the actual corrugated surface. As CMP pipes are susceptible to deterioration under field conditions and often need to be renewed by different approaches, evaluating the structural capacity of modified CMPs provides a baseline for evaluating the regained structural capacity of renewed/repaired CMPs. This study presents the FEM calibrations and verifications for the three SAPL-lined CMPs tested at CURIE. The FEM models are 3D, full-scale representations of the tested CMPs in a soil box. Soil, SAPL, and CMP are all modeled using 3D solid elements. Material properties were first determined from laboratory test results and then optimized based on the calibration with the laboratory results. The 3D models are capable of closely replicating the laboratory tests and will help understand the behaviors of the lined CMPS and perform further parametric study analyses.
Publication Date
3-7-2024
Language
English
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Recommended Citation
Yu, Xinbao; Raut, Samrat; Azizian, Mehran; Chimauriya, Hiramani Raj; Tehrani, Amin Darabnoush; and Najafi, Mohammad, "Three-Dimensional Finite Element Modeling of Spray-Applied Pipe Liners Repaired Corrugated Metal Pipes Buried Under Shallow Cover" (2024). SAGE Open Access Agreement Publications-Archive. 46.
https://mavmatrix.uta.edu/utalibraries_sageoapubs/46