ORCID Identifier(s)

ORCID 0009-0007-7062-9962

Graduation Semester and Year

Spring 2026

Language

English

Document Type

Thesis

Degree Name

Master of Science in Psychology

Department

Psychology

First Advisor

Dr. Larry R. Martinez

Second Advisor

Dr. Logan Watts

Third Advisor

Dr. Nicholas Smith

Fourth Advisor

Dr. Emily Ready

Abstract

Menstruation remains an underrecognized factor in workplace well-being, despite affecting a large portion of the workforce. Existing research shows significant gaps in understanding employees’ lived experiences and organizational responses. This qualitative study aims to explore how menstruation influences work life, productivity, and perceptions of support within U.S. workplaces. Thirty menstruating employees were recruited using convenience and purposive sampling to participate in semi-structured virtual interviews, and data were analyzed thematically, guided by grounded theory principles. Findings revealed three central themes: (a) stigma and non-disclosure, shaped by internalized norms and workplace culture; (b) invisible effort and struggles that impact work, including productivity, work-health tradeoffs and coping strategies; and (c) limited organizational support, with most workplaces lacking menstrual-specific accommodations. The participants frequently described managing symptoms through concealment, continued work despite discomfort and different ways of personal coping strategies often resulting in work/health tradeoffs. These findings highlight the role of stigma and structural constraints in shaping how menstrual health is experienced at work. The study contributes to the occupational health and broader organizational science literatures by emphasizing menstruation as a cyclical and socially regulated workplace issue. Implications include the need for increased organizational awareness, flexible policies, and efforts to reduce stigma in order to better support the well-being of employees and promote more inclusive work environments.

Keywords

Menstrual health, Workplace well-being, Menstruation stigma, Organizational culture, Employee productivity, Occupational health, Workplace support, Gender equity, Grounded theory, Qualitative research

Disciplines

Industrial and Organizational Psychology | Psychology | Social and Behavioral Sciences

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