Graduation Semester and Year

Spring 2025

Language

English

Document Type

Thesis

Degree Name

Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering

Department

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

First Advisor

Kamesh Subbarao

Abstract

This thesis presents a simulation-based analysis of consensus algorithms in multi-agent systems, focusing on how network topology influences convergence performance. Both first-order and second-order linear consensus dynamics were examined across a variety of network configurations, including undirected and directed versions of cycle graphs, star graphs, minimum spanning trees, and fully connected graphs. In addition to standard consensus problems, leader-follower network structures were introduced to explore the impact of leader placement on convergence behavior, and extensions to multi-leader systems were analyzed to study robustness and convergence under multiple reference inputs. Graph-theoretic properties such as connectivity, degree distribution, and Laplacian eigenvalues were evaluated to interpret consensus speed and stability. Simulations confirmed that undirected networks consistently achieve average consensus, while directed networks require the existence of a spanning tree to reach agreement. First-order systems demonstrated faster convergence than their second-order counterparts, which exhibited expected oscillatory behavior. Results also showed that leader placement is critical in directed graphs, whereas symmetric and undirected networks were more robust to changes in leader location. Multi-leader configurations demonstrated that when leaders share the same reference, convergence is accelerated, while differing leader references cause followers to converge within the convex hull of the leaders' states. This work contributes practical insights into the design of efficient multi-agent systems by revealing the relationship between network structure and consensus dynamics. The findings may inform future control strategies, topology design, and leader selection in applications ranging from distributed robotics to sensor networks.

Keywords

Aerospace engineering, Multi-agent systems, Graph theory

Disciplines

Multi-Vehicle Systems and Air Traffic Control | Systems Engineering and Multidisciplinary Design Optimization

License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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