Graduation Semester and Year

Spring 2025

Language

English

Document Type

Thesis

Degree Name

Master of Science in Chemistry

Department

Chemistry and Biochemistry

First Advisor

Dr. Kevin A. Schug

Second Advisor

Dr. Charles P. Shelor

Third Advisor

Dr. Krishnan Rajeshwar

Abstract

This thesis presents a comprehensive analytical investigation of produced water samples from various oil and gas extraction sites using gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Produced water, a significant byproduct of hydrocarbon extraction, contains complex mixtures of organic and inorganic compounds that present analytical challenges and environmental concerns. This research focuses on comparing analytical methodologies, identifying chemical constituents, and evaluating the performance of these techniques against established reference data.

The study analyzed multiple produced water samples for organic compounds using EPA Methods 8260 and 8270, and for elemental composition using EPA Method 6010. Significant discrepancies were observed between newly generated ICP-OES data and previously reported 2023 reference data, particularly for elements such as boron, calcium, iron, and strontium. These variations ranged from 15% to over 85% for certain elements across sample groups. The results indicate potential implications for environmental monitoring, regulatory compliance, and treatment system design.

The research contributes to the analytical chemistry field by highlighting methodological considerations for produced water analysis, identifying technique-specific limitations, and suggesting protocol improvements. Future work recommendations include method validation studies, investigation of matrix effects, and development of standardized analytical procedures specifically optimized for high-salinity, complex-matrix produced water samples.

Available for download on Friday, May 15, 2026

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